Carriers work around the clock and through all seasons to deliver goods, making it a capital-intensive business with high volatility. Invoice disputes are common in this industry, resulting in high administrative costs and lengthy delays. Additionally, Walmart personnel needed help sorting out long lists of charges for each load, resulting in delayed payments to carriers.

Walmart decided that distributed ledger technology could be the solution due to its features, such as immutability, transparency, and cryptographic security. A "single source of truth" was established with time-stamped information that can't be changed using an electronic ledger hosting all documents related to a shipment.

The Internet of Things enabled real-time calculation of shipping charges, demurrage fees (based on GPS data), and automated invoicing into ERP systems for payment. Hyperledger Fabric was used to construct a stack; it allows for private transactions within multiple vendors' networks.